Fuel oil burner



G. l. CAMPBELL FUEL oIL BURNER Filed Feb. 13, 1940 March 4, 1941.

Unirse s-'re'rek Gere l. Compton, 'l to Edlund li. wenn,

duplication Feb' i3, 194%, Sel No. lt

*l Ul. Ulli. 29119) This invention relates to burners und relates of the body lo. e srooved stern i. y more particulsrly, to burners for g uid through the body iii und provided et its temer fuels such as oil under pressure. s: general obend with en ctominng tip or been is, einem@ ject or' this invention .is to provide o. simple, it for controlling or adjusting :the stem and practical and particularly eide-lent burner of the its heed it. l character mentioned. A The body lo serves to cerry the otieonients Another object of this invention is to provide of the burner and, es shown, is elongntektnpu a. burner of the character mentioned embo: ler member. In the preferred cotruotlon` the novel means for importing turbulence tothe fuel body i@ is integro! @Xcel-lt for en outer etici-"secsnd for increasing the velocity of the fuel to nstion l threaded into the rear end ci the body sure the full atcmizetion of the fuel es it disl@ proper. The body it is provided with Iierecharges from the burner orice, and thus obduced forward end portion i5 11,@ n elm ne.. tain the highest efficiency. duced portion itis formed on the outer orv Another object oi this invention is to ru'ovide` end of its section ita. este 1i deluge i? is s burner of the character mentioned in which the formed on the l body Section t und preferably fuel under pressure is made to follow s. helical has at marginal surfaosf An extsl dat sur course in a reduced volume'to increase its turbfuface l@ iS prvide 011 the bOdy w end iS spoiled ienne, and at the seme time the velocity or the forwardly from the more il.v The fuel is increased by stages, until the fuel is dis- Opening i9 0f hetllbll midi? @e i8 u l "l 2% charged from the burner orifice. ln the imimetl except for s portion 2o ci reduced-eilproved burner of this invention the fuel is mede mete? and rea? Se 2i in the y- Settimy turbulent by its helical path and its velocity is "3- The burner body @mes project into the increased so that the fuel is discharged :from the lire-box, furnace, or the like' end epproprinte burner in e turbulent state end at a. high velocity means 1S pmvded t0 Sliliwl't or mount the 2 te obtain complete combustion. vbumef bOdY- 'lfhis mme my comprise e tusui5 Another object of this anvenuon n to provide lar Carrier 22 seemed to t en @necios es nl nie a uuid fuel burner of the character mentioned in Well 0f the re-bcs and provides .wup o sense es which the temperature of the fuel is progressively adapted for ettaoent vto 'the fefbor. The or gradually increased by reason of the heat genforward Forum of m1@ 351mm 32 11% @an me@ e@ I erated es its velocity is increased, and by the reup 25 accurately Yeil'g @he mit' i@ While the M box heet absorbed from the burner body, so that remainder 0f U12@ Gefrier 52 posses the body A its viscosity is sppreclably lowered before it is with Suiwble clemence The ecse @l @messes discharged from the burner orifice and atomized. the Year @mi 0f the Crier 22 t0 t thelmmrd A further object of this invention is to provide movement 0f the bmi? i@ and .to sten the 35, a fluid fuel burner 0I the character mentioned burnel- Sat 'E CYSW 25 is eed "L fr an that is fully regulable or adjustable by e. single Opening in the wall of the carrier 22 and e effective control means to properly handle fuels im@ a Socket n in the body w $010081@ or posiof different gravities and viscoslties and to obtain tion the body nd prevent turning Atlf the body. D maximum efficiency with diil'erent fuels. f A Screw 28 having a Suitable Wheel or handle I! 4o The various objects and features of my invenis threaded through a radial opening in the cartion will be fully understood from the following rier 22 and is adapted t0 clamp against the not detailed description of a. typical preferred form body Surface I8 to removably secure .the in l and application of the invention, throughout place. The upper portion o! the' opening in the 45 which description reference is made to the actubular carrier 22 is ared at 30 so that following n companying drawing, in which: backing oil of the screw 28 the body' Mirna.; be

Fig. 1 is a. side elevation of the improved burner raised to disengge the pin 26 from the socket 21 of this invention arranged in its operative posiwhereupon the may be pulled tromfthg tion showing the adapter or carrier supporting carrier. Y j u y, 50 the burner on a. rebox or boiler wall, and Fig. 2 Means is provided for delivering, fluid fuel tof f is an enlarged longitudinal detailed sectional the body, opening i9. This means comprises a view of the burner. lateral port 3l in the wall of the body `i8 in The improved burner oi the present invention spaced adjacent relation to the reduced pllx'idonL may be said to comprise, generally, a tubular 20 of the body opening. The port 8l preferably body l0, a discharge head Il on the forward end has e.y daring mouth. j ntting 22 is a lateral opening in the carrier 22 and has a union or coupling 33 vfor connecting it with af supply pipe 34. The inner end of the fitting 32 is tapered to seal in the flaring mouth of the port tI. 'I'he supply pipe 34 conducts fuel such as oil under a suitable pressure and, of course, may be controlled by the usual valves (not shown).

The head II may be termed the oriice head or,

atomizing head, and is secured to the inner or forward end oi' the body I0. In practice the head Il may be a generally cylindrical block provided with a radially projecting iiange 35 and an annular bead or rim 3B. The rim 36 projects from the rear side of the head II and fits a complementary groove 31 in the end of the body I4 to locate the head and to provide a seal. A collar or sleeve 38 is removably threaded on the `reduced forward portion I of the body III and gaging tapered surfaces.

has an inturned lip 39 cooperating with the ange 35 to clamp and hold the head I I in place. The flange 35 and the lip 3S preferably have eri- The interior of the head II is of special formation to receive `the atomizing head I3 and to discharge the fuel under pressure. A conical or tapering socket 40 is provided -in the head Il and has its large end or base in communication with the forward end of the body opening Il. The large end of the tapering socket 40 is larger body opening I9 and serves to carry the atomizing head I3 and to sive turbulence and added velocity to the fuel flowing to the discharge head II. In accordance with the invention the stem I2 has a portion 42 of reduced diameter received in the body opening I9 with substantial clearance, leaving an annular chamber 43 into which 4the port 3l discharges the fluid fuel. The stem I2 has aportion 44 of larger diameter extending forwardly through the body opening I9 from the chamber 43 to the socket 40. The stem portion 44 is proportioned and machined to accurately t the body opening I 9 and is sufliciently long to extend a short distance forwardly beyond the opening IS.

The stem portion 44 is shaped or grooved to provide a. passage for delivering .the fuel to theV socket 4G of the head II. In the preferred construction a helical groove 45 is provided in the stem portion S4 and extends throughout its -length providing a passage that connects they chamber 43 with the vinterior of the discharge head Il., The groove 45 may have a rounded or concave wall and, together with the wall of the body opening I9, forms a tortuous or helical opening through which the fuel under pressure is obliged to flow. The length of the stem portion d4 and the pitch of the groove 45 are such that the groove has a plurality of convolutions, say ve, as illustrated. Infthe construction illustrated inthe drawing the uid capacity'of the 1 groove 45 and the helical pitch of .the groove are uniform except at 4the forward extremity of the stem, it being understood that the invention contemplates the gradual or progressive reduction of the :luid capacity oi the groove and/orthe gradual or progressive reduction in the helical pitcl'io! the groove as it continues forwardly. The fuel under pressure passing through the groove 45 is, oi course, made to whirl or rotate and is thus made turbulent, and 'because of the limited fluid capacity of the groove the velocity of the fuel is increased. The fuel being obliged to take a helical path travels a greatly increased distance and is exposed to the fire-box heat transmitted i through the burner body I0 throughout its increasedl path oi' travel.

The atomizing head I3 of the stem I2 is preferablyrlgid with the stem so that the stem and head form a unit that is easily controlled, removed, etc- In practice the head I3 may be integral with the stem I2. The head I3 is tapered or conical and occupies the tapering socket 40. The surface of the tapering head I'3 may have `substantially the same pitch as the wall of theV socket 40 but the head I3 is somewhat shorter than the socket providing for axial adjustment in the socket. The apex or point of the tapering head I3 is centrally located at the inner end of the discharge oriice 4I and controls the dis'` charge from the orifice. l

In accordance with the invention the atomizing head I3 has a helical fuel conducting groove -48 varying in fluid capacity and preferably varying in pitch. The groove 45 where it merges with the groove 44 is diminished in width and fluid capacity providing for an increase in the velocity of the fuel. and an accompanying reduction in volume. .The inner or rear portion of the groove `48 in the atomizing head I3 is greater in capacity than the forward end portion of the groove 46. In practice the reduction in the fluid handling capacity of the groove 46 may be gradual. It will be observed that the grooves 45 and 4B join atl the base of the conical head I3 and that a chamber or space 41 occurs at this point by reason of the clearance between the base of the head Il and the end of the body III. In the preferred construction the groove 48 in the head I3 has a plurality of convolutions and is a single continuous passage or groove. In the construction disclosed the groove 46 has at least two complete convolutions. This assures an effective turbulence in the fuel immediately prior to and during its discharge from the orifice 4I. Y While the groove 46 maycontinue to the forward extremity of the head I3 it is preferred to have the groove 46 'die out adjacent the tip of the head I3, .as

illustrated. Where the groove 46 dies out `vin* this vmanner the velocity of .the fuel is greatly increased as it passes to and thpoughthe small oritlce 4I. is preferably varying or non-uniform. As illustrated, the rear portion of the groove 48 joining the groove 45 has a helical pitch less than that of the groove 45, while the forward por-tionvof the groove 46 has an increased helical pitch. Thev change in pitch of the groove 45 may be gradual.

The means I4 for controlling or adjusting theburner is operable to produce relativeV longitudinal movement between the body I0 and the .stem I2 to regulate. 4the relationship or spacing of the surfaces of the socket 40 and the head I3. 'Ihe The helical pitch of the groove 46 regulating means comprises mating threads 48 on the wall of the reduced opening portion 20 and a stem portion 49 of increased diameter. The stem I2 extends outwardly or rearwardly from its enlarged portion 49 lto project from the rear end of the body section Ice. Packing means is provided for sealing about the stem I2. This packing means may comprise suitable` pachng 50 arranged in the socket 2i', a gland or follower 5I for compressing the packing 50 and a cap 52 threaded on the reduced body portion Ii to actuate the follower. Suitable manual actuating `I5 means is provided on the projecting part of the stem I2. This means may comprise a suitable hand wheel or handle 53 ,removably and nonrotatably secured to the stem I2. In practice the stem' I2 may have a reduced polygonal portion l0 54 received in a correspondingly shaped opening in the handle 53 and a nut 55 may be .threaded on the stem I2 to retain the handle 53 on the portion 54. Upon rotation of the stem I2 the threads 48 produce longitudinal movement of the stem so that the atomizing head Il is moved toward or away from the orifice 4I.

In operation the fuel, say fuel oil, is delivered to the chamber 43 by the pipe 34 under a. suitable superatniospheric pressure. The fuel nows from the chamber 43 through the helical groove 45 to the groove 4l. 'I'he groove 45 causes the fuel to follow a helical path producing desirable turbulence in-the fuel, and the velocity of the fuel is increased as the fuel passes through the groove.

The burner body I0 may project into the re box and its temperature is usually quite high. The fuel obliged to flow through the helical groove 45 traverses a greatly extended course in the heated body IB and is thus effectively warmed or heated before being delivered to the head II. In this connection it is to be observed that the groove 45 is of substantial length and has numerous convolutions so 'that the fuel must flow a substantial distance before reaching the atomizing head II.

Upon reaching the head I I the fuel is delivered to the large rear portion of the groove ,46 and flows through the diminishing groove 4I. The passage of the fuel through the groove 48 in- 40 creases the turbulence of the fuel and greatly increases its velocity. Where the groove 48 dies out adjacent the forward extremity of the head f I3 its velocity is greatly increased and this increase in velocity'is accompanied by an increase in the turbulence due to the flow of the fuel through the groove of helical form and varying pitch. With the atomizing head I3 in the operating position there is a certain amount of clearance between the surface of the head and the4 50 wall of the socket 40 so that the fuel discharging from the reduced extremity of the groove 48 at a high velocity reaches the restricted orifice 4I.

The fuel under pressure discharges from the orificev4| at a high velocity and in a turbulent state to be finely divided or fully atomized. The conical surfaces of the socket 4B and the head I3 direct the fuel in such a manner that the turbulence is greatly increased just before the fuel discharges from the orifice 4 I and aid in providing a e0 stream or discharge of desirable configuration. The fuel is, of course, further heated as it travels through the groove 46 and the socket 40 so that its viscosity is reduced for the best atomization possible. The handle I3 may be turned to vary 65 the position of the head I3 with respect to the orifice 4I and the wall of the socket 40 to adapt the burner for the proper handlingof fuels of different gravities and viscosities. The burner may be easily and quickly removed from the carof discharge.

ing the pressure under which the oil is delivered and without supplying the oil at high temperatures. To adjust the burner to handle the lighter oils the head I3 is brought to a forward position so that the clearance between the wall of the 5 socket 40 and the surface of the tapered head is reduced to maintain a high velocity at the point When a very heavy oil is to be used the head I3 is retracted so that its at base engages or is adjacent to the iiat seat forming l0 I the bottom wall ofthe socket 40. This eliminates or reduces the chamber 4'I and obliges the oil to pass into the groove 46 from the groove 45 increasing the velocity at this point and at the same time increases the volume of the space around l5 the tapering surface of the head I3. The velocity and turbulence of the heavy oil is maintained while providing for required volume and freedom of ilow at the point of discharge from the jet or burner. l 20 Having described only a typical preferred form `and application of my invention, I do not wish to be limited or restricted to the specific details herein set forth, but wish to reserve to myself any variations or modifications that may appear to 2li` those skilled in the art or fall within the scope of the followingclaims.

Having described my invention, I'clairn: l. A fluid fuel burner comprising a body having an opening, a tip on the body having a tapering 30 socket joining said opening and a discharge orifice leading from the forward end of the socket, the rear portion of the socket being larger in diameter than said openingA and the rear wall of the socket forming a seat, a stem arranged in said opening, 35

and a tapering enlarged head on the stem occupying y and substantially conforming to the socket, the `rear end of the head being larger vin diameter than said opening and adapted to cooperate with the seat and means for conducting 40x the fuel to said opening, said stem having a helical groove for carrying the fuel to the socket and continuing along said head to carry the fuel from said means to the orifice, the rear end of the head being engageable with the seat to oblige the fuel 45 to flow through said groove into the socket.

2. A uid fuel burner comprising a body having an elongate opening, means for admitting fuel to the opening. a discharge member having a tapered socket communicating with an end of said open- 504 ing and a discharge orifice leading from the forward end'oi the socket, the rear wall of the socket forming a shoulder, a longitudinally adjustable stem arranged longitudinally in said opening having a helical groove receiving the 55A fuel and conducting it to the socket, and an atomizing head on the stem occupying the socket and tapered at the same angles as the socket and provided with a helical groove joining the first named groove for conducting the fuel forwardly to the orifice, the rear end of the head being adapted to approach and engage said shoulder to cause the fuel to flow from said first named groove into the second named groove, the last named groove diminishing in capacity as it extends forwardly-to increase `the velocity of the fuel as it iiows therethrough.

3. A uid fuel burner comprising a body having an elongate opening, means for admitting fuel to the opening, a discharge member having a tapered socket communicating with an end'of said opening and a discharge orice leading from the socket, the rear portion of the socket being larger in diameter than said opening so that the rear wall of the socket forms a forwardly facing v v. seat, a longitudinally shlftable steml arranged longitudinally in said opening having a helical` ing to the socket and provided with a helical groove which joins the first named groove to conduct the fuel forwardly to the orice, the rear end of the head presenting a shoulder which is engageable with said seat t0 oblige the fuel to ow from the first named groove into the second named groove when the head is fully retracted,

the last named groove being of maximum depth at the rear end of the head and of reduced depth at the forward end of the head to increase the velocity of the fuel preparatory to its discharge,

and means for shifting the stem to adjust the head between a position where said end co operates with said seat and the periphery of the head is clear ci' the socket wall and a position where said end is spaced from said seat and the periphery 'of the head engages or just clears the wall of the socket. y

l 4. A fluid fuel burner comprising a body having an elongate opening, means for admitting fuel to the opening, a discharge member having a tapered socket communicating with an end of said opening and a discharge orifice leading from the socket, the rear of the socket communicating with the forward end of the opening and being larger in diameterthan the opening so that the rear end of the socket forms a seat, a longitudinally adjustable stem extending longitudinally in the opening and having a helical groove receiving the fuel 'from said means and conducting it forwardly, and a tapering atomizing head on the forward end of the stem occupying and substantially conforming to the socket, the rear end of the head forming a shoulder which is movable into and out of engagement with said seat with longitudinal adjustment of the stem, the head having a helical groove joining the forward end of the first named groove and conducting the fuel forwardly to the orifice, the second named groove changing in helical pitch and diminishing in fluid capaclty'as it continues forwardly.

5. A fluid fuel burner comprising a body having an elongate opening, means for. admitting fuel to the' opening, a discharge member having a tapered socket communicating with an end of said opening and a discharge orifice leading from the socket, the rear of the socket communicating with the forward end of the opening and being larger in diameter than the opening so that the rear end of the socket forms a seat, a shiftable stem extending longitudinally in the opening and having a helical groove receiving the fuel from said means and conducting it forwardly, a taper- Y ing atomizing head on therforward end ofthe stem substantially conforming to the socket and controlling said orifice, the rear end ofthe head being movable into and out of engagement with said seat, the head having a helical groove joining the first named vgroove and extending forwardly to discharge adjacent the oriice, the second named groove diminishing in fluid capacity as it continues forwardly, and means for producing relative longitudinal movement betweenbodyand stem so that the discharge may be controlled.

:6. A fluid fuel burner comprising a body having an elongate opening, means for admitting fuell named groove for conducting the fuel forwardly j to the orifice, the rear end of the head being movable into and out of engagement with said seat upon shifting of the stem, the last named groove diminishing incapacity as it extends forwardly and dying out before reaching the forward end of the head.

'7. A fluid fuel burner comprising a body having an elongated opening, means for admitting fuel to the opening, a discharge member having a tapered Y socket communicating with an end of said opening and a discharge orifice leading from the socket, the rear of the socket communicating with the forward end of the opening and being larger in diameterV than the opening so that the rear end of the socket forms a seat, a shiftable stem extending longitudinally in the opening and hav-` ing a helical groove receiving the fuel from said neans and conducting it forwardly, and an enlarged tapering atomizing head on the forward end of the stem occupying and substantially conforming to the socket, the rear end of thehead being cooperable with said seat, the head having a helical groove joining the forward end of the rst named grooveand conducting the` fuel for wardly to the orifice, said rst named groove diminishing in capacity where it merges with the so l second named groove, the second named groove diminishing in uid capacity as it continues forwardly.

GERE I. CAMPBELL." 

